Onions

Onions

From the family Liliaceae

These plants are widely distributed throughout the world. The onion goes back to a time before historians, and has been in cultivation so long that its country of origins are now uncertain although most agree that it originated in Central Asia. It was probably introduced to Europe by the Romans. The name seems to have been derived from the Latin word 'unio' meaning a large pearl. In the middle Ages it was believed that a bunch of onions hung outside the door would absorb the infection of the plague, saving the inhabitants. From this came the scientific recognition that its sulphur content acts as a strong disinfectant. The juice of the onion was used to heal gunshot wounds and burns caused by gunpowder.

Species

There are many, many varieties of Onion; the following information concerns the two that have herbal qualities.

Allium fistulosum

Welsh Onion

Also known as Japanese Leek. Evergreen hardy perennial. Ht60cm-90cm (2-3ft). Flowers of second year's growth greenish yellow in early summer. Leaves, green hollow cylinders. This onion is a native of Siberia and extensively grown in China and Japan. The name Welsh comes from 'walsch' meaning foreign.

Allium cepa Proliferum Group

Tree Onion

Also known as Egyptian Onion, Lazy Man's Onions. Hardy perennial. Ht 90- 150cm (3-5ft). Flowers small greenish white appear in early summer in the same place as its bulbs. It grows bulbs underground and then, at the end of flowering, bulbs in the air. Seeing is believing. It originates from Canada. It is very easy to propagate

Cultivation

Propagation

Seed

Welsh onion seed loses its viability within 2 years, so sow fresh in late winter, early spring under protection with a bottom heat of between 15°C (60°F) and21°C (70°F). Cover with Perlite. When the seedlings are large enough, and after a period of hardening off, plant out into a prepared site in the garden at a distance of 25cm (9in) apart. The tree onion is not grown from seed.

Division

Each year the Welsh onion will multiply in clumps, so it is a good idea to divide them every 3 years in the spring. Because the tree onion is such a big grower, it is a good idea to split the underground bulbs every 3 years in spring.

Bulbs

The air growing bulbils of the tree onion have small root systems, each one capable of reproducing another plant. Plant where required in an enriched soil either in the autumn, as the parent plant dies back, or in the spring.

Pests and Diseases

The onion fly is the curse of the onion family especially in late spring, early summer. The way to try and prevent this is to take care not to damage the roots or leaves when thinning the seedlings and also not to leave the thinning lying around, the scent attracts the fly.

Another problem is downy mildew caused by cool wet autumns; the leaves become velvety and die back. Again, too warm a summer may encourage white rot. Burn the affected plants and do not plant in the same position again.

Other characteristic diseases are neck rot and bulb rot, both caused by a Botrytis fungus that usually occurs as a result of the bulbs being damaged either by digging or hoeing.

Onions are prone to many more diseases but, if you keep the soil fertile and do not make life easy for the onion fly, you will still have a good crop.

Maintenance

Spring: Sow the seed; divide 3-year-old clumps of Welsh and tree onions. Plant bulbs of tree onions.
Summer: Stake mature tree onions to stop them falling over and depositing the ripe bulbils on the soil.
Autumn: Mulch around tree onion plants with well-rotted manure. Use a small amount around the Welsh onions.
Winter: Neither variety needs protection.
Garden Cultivation
Welsh Omens
These highly adaptable hardy onions will grow in any well-drained fertile soil. Seeds can be sown in spring after the frosts, direct into the ground. Thin to a distance of 25cm (9in) apart. Keep well watered throughout the growing season. In the autumn give the area a mulch of well-rotted manure.

Tree Onions

Dig in some well-rotted manure before planting. Plant the bulbs in their clusters in a sunny well-drained position at a distance of 30-45cm (12-18in) apart. In the first year nothing much will happen (unless you are one of the lucky ones). If the summer is very dry, water well. In the following year, if you give the plant a good mulch of well-rotted manure in autumn, it grows to 90-150cm (3-5ft) and produce masses of small onions.

Harvest

Welsh onions may be picked at any time from early summer onwards. The leaves do not dry well but can be frozen like those of their cousin, chives. Use scissors and snip them into a plastic bag. They form neat rings; freeze them.
The little tree onions can be picked off the stems and stored; lay them out on a rack in a cool place with good ventilation.

Culinary

Welsh onions make a great substitute for spring onions, as they are hardier and earlier. Pull and use in salads or stir fry dishes, chop and use instead of chives.
Tree onions provide fresh onion flavor throughout the year. The bulbils can be pickled or chopped raw in salads (fairly strong), or cooked whole in stews and casseroles.

Pissaladiere

Serves 4-6
4 tablespoons olive oil (not extra virgin)
20 tree onions, finely chopped
1 clove garlic, crushed
1 dessertspoon fresh thyme, chopped
Salt
Freshly ground black pepper 360g (¾ lb) once-risen bread dough
250g (½ lb) ripe tomatoes, peeled and sliced
60g (2oz) canned anchovy fillets, drained and halved lengthways
16 large black olives, halved and pitted
Heat the olive oil in a heavy frying pan, add the onions, cover the pan tightly and fry, gently stirring occasionally for 15 minutes. Add the garlic and the thyme and cook uncovered for 15 minutes, or until the onions are reduced to a clear puree. Season to taste and leave to cool. Pre-heat the oven to 200°C (400°F, Gas mark 6).
Roll the bread dough directly on the baking sheet into a circle 25cm (10in) diameter. Spread the pureed onions evenly over the dough, put the tomato slices on the onions and top with a decorative pattern of anchovy fillets and olives.
Bake for 5 minutes. Reduce the oven temperature to 190°C (375°F, Gas mark 5) and continue to bake for 30 minutes or until the bread base is well risen and lightly browned underneath. Serve hot with a green herb salad.

Other uses

The onion is believed to help ward off colds in winter and also to induce sleep and cure indigestion. The fresh juice is antibiotic, diuretic, expectorant, antispasmodic, so useful in the treatment of coughs, colds, bronchitis, laryngitis and gastroenteritis. It is also said to lower the blood pressure and to help restore sexual potency which has been impaired by illness or mental stress.

Container growing

Welsh onions can be grown in a large pot using a soil-based compost, and make sure it does not dry out. Feed regularly throughout the summer with a liquid fertilizer. Tree onions grow too tall for containers.

Lady’s Mantle

From the family Rosaceae.

Lady's mantle is a native of the mountains of Europe, Asia and America. It is found not -A only in damp places but also in dry shady woods. The Arab 'alkemelych' (alchemy) was thought to be the source of the herb's Latin generic name, Alchemilla. The crystal dew lying in perfect pearl drops on the leaves have long inspired poets and alchemists, and was reputed to have healing and magical properties, even to preserve a woman's youth provided she collected the dew in May, alone, in full moonlight, naked, and with bare feet as a sign of purity and to ward off any lurking forces.

In the medieval period it was dedicated to the Virgin Mary, hence Lady's Mantle was considered a woman's protector, and nicknamed 'a woman's best friend', and was used not only to regulate the menstrual cycle and to ease the effects of menopause, but also to reduce inflammation of the female organs. In the 18th century, women applied the leaves to their breasts to make them recover shape after they had been swelled with milk. It is still prescribed by herbalists today.

Alchemilla conjuncta

Lady's Mantle Conjuncta Hardy perennial. Ht 30cm (12in), spread 30cm (12in) or more. Tiny, greenish-yellow flowers in summer. Leaves star-shaped, bright green on top with lovely silky silver hairs underneath. An attractive plant suitable for ground cover, rockeries and dry banks.

Species

Alchemilla alpina

Alpine Lady's Mantle Known in America as Silvery Lady's Mantle. Hardy perennial. Ht 15cm (6in), spread 60cm (24in) or more. Tiny, greenish-yellow flowers in summer. Leaves rounded, lobed, pale green and covered in silky hairs. An attractive plant suitable for ground cover, rockeries and dry banks.

Alchemilla mollis

Lady's Mantle (Garden variety) Hardy perennial. Ht and spread 50cm (20in). Tiny, greenish-yellow flowers in summer. Large, pale green, rounded leaves with crinkled edges.

Alchemilla xanthochlora (vulgaris)

Lady's Mantle (Wildflower variety) Also known as Lion's Foot, Bear's Foot and Nine Hooks. Hardy perennial. Ht 15-45cm (6-18in), spread 50cm (20in). Tiny, bright greenish/yellow flowers in summer. Round, pale green leaves with crinkled edges.

Cultivation

Propagation

Seed

Why is it that something that self-seeds readily around the garden can be so difficult to raise from seed? Sow its very fine seed in early spring or autumn into prepared seed or plug trays (use the cardboard method), and cover with Perlite. No bottom heat required. Germination can either be sparse or prolific, taking 2-3 weeks. If germinating in the autumn, winter seedlings in the trays and plant out the following spring when the frosts are over, at a distance of 45cm (18in) apart.

Division

All established plants can be divided in the spring or autumn. Replant in the garden where desired.

Pests and Diseases

This plant rarely suffers from pests or disease.

Maintenance

Spring: Divide established plants. Sow seeds if necessary. Summer: To prevent self-seeding, cur off flower heads as they begin to die back. Autumn: Divide established plants if necessary. Sow seed. Winter: No need for protection.

Garden Cultivation

This fully hardy plant grows in all but boggy soils, in sun or partial shade. Seed can be sown in spring where you want the plant to flower. Thin the seedlings to 30cm (12in) apart. This is a most attractive garden plant in borders or as an edging plant, but it can become a bit of a nuisance, seeding everywhere. To prevent this, cut back after flowering and at the same time cut back old growth.

Harvest

Cut young leaves after the dew has dried for use throughout the summer. Harvest for drying as plant comes into flower.

Container Growing

All forms of Lady's Mantle adapt to growing and look very pretty indeed. Use a (following manufacturer's instructions) only occasionally. In the winter, when the plant dies back, put the container in a cold greenhouse or cold frame, and water only very occasionally. Lady's Mantle can be grown in hanging baskets as a centre piece.

Medicinal

Used by herbalists for menstrual disorders. It has been said that if you drink an infusion of green parts of the plant for 10 days each month it will help relieve menopausal discomfort. It can also be used as a mouth rinse after tooth extraction. Traditionally, the alpine species has been considered more effective, although this is not proven.

Culinary

Tear young leaves, with their mild bitter taste, into small pieces and toss into salads. Many years ago Marks & Spencer had a yoghurt made with Lady's Mantle leaves! I wish I had tried it.

Other uses

Excellent for flower arranging. Leaves can be boiled for green wool dye and are used in veterinary medicine for the treatment of diarrhoea.

Anise Hyssop

Also known as Giant Hyssop, Anise Hyssop, Blue Giant Hyssop, Fennel Hyssop, Fragrant Giant Hyssop. From the family Labiatae. Anise hyssop is a native of North America, the Mosquito Plant and A. mexicana 'Brittonastrum mexicana' are from Mexico, and A. rugosa is from Korea. There are few references to the history of this lovely herb. According to Allen Paterson, Director of the Royal Botanical Garden in Ontario, it is a close cousin of the Bergamots. It is common in North American herb gardens and is certainly worth including in any herb garden for its flowers and scent. The long spikes of purple, blue and pink flowers are big attractions for bees and butterflies.

Species

Agastache cana

The Mosquito Plant Hall-hardy perennial. Ht 60cm (2ft), spread 30cm (1ft). Pink tubular flowers in the summer with aromatic oval mid-green toothed leaves.

Agastache mexicana 'Brittonastrum mexicana' (or 'Cedronella mexican')

Half-hardy perennial. Ht 1m (3ft), spread 30cm (1ft). In summer whorls of small tubular flowers in shades from pink to crimson. Leaves oval pointed, toothed and mid-green with an eucalyptus scent.

Agastache rugosa

Korean Mint Hardy perennial. Ht lm (3ft), spread 30cm (1ft). Lovely mauve/purple flower spikes in summer. Distinctly minty scented mid-green oval pointed leaves.

Agastache foeniculum

Anise Hyssop Hardy perennial. Ht 60cm (2ft), spread 30cm (1ft). Long purple flower spikes in summer. Aniseed scented mid-green oval leaves.

Container Growing

Not suitable for growing indoors. However, anise hyssop and Korean mint both make good patio plants provided the container is at least 25- 30cm (10-12in) diameter. Use the bark, peat mix of compost, and a liquid fertilizer feed only once a year after flowering. If you feed the plant beforehand, the flowers will be poor. Keep well watered in summer.

Cultivation

Propagation

A. mexicana can only be propagated by cuttings.

Seed

The small fine seeds need warmth to germinate: 17°C (65°F). Use the cardboard method and artificial heating if sowing in early spring.

Use either prepared seed or plug trays or if you have only a few seeds directly into a pot and cover with Perlite. Germination takes 10-20 days.

One can also sow outside in the autumn when the soil is warm, but the voting plants will need protection throughout the winter months.

When the seedlings are large enough to handle prick out and pot on using a bark or peat mix of compost. In mid-spring, when air and soil temperature has risen, plant out al a distance of 45cm (18in).

Cuttings

Take cuttings of soft young shoots in spring: when all the species root well. Use 50pei cent bark, 50per cent peat mix of compost. After a full period of weaning cuttings should be strong enough to plant out in the early autumn.

Semi-ripe wood cuttings may be taken in late summer, use the same compost mix. After they have rooted, pot up, and winter in a cold frame or cold greenhouse.

Division

This is a good alternative way to maintain a short-lived perennial. In the second or third year divide the creeping roots either by the 'forks back-to-back' method, or by digging up the whole plant and dividing.

Pests and Diseases

Being an aromatic plant, pests keep their distance. Rarely suffers from disease, although seedlings can damp off.

Maintenance

Spring: Sow seeds. Summer: Take softwood or semi-ripe cuttings late season.

Autumn: Tidy up the plants by cutting back the old flower heads and woody growth. Sow seeds. Protect young plants from frost. Winter: Protect half-hardy species (and Anise hyssop below -6°C (20°F)) with either agricultural fleece, bark or straw.

Garden Cultivation

All species like a rich, moist soil and full sun, and will adapt very well to most ordinary soils if planted in a sunny situation. All are short lived and should be propagated each year to ensure continuity.

Anise hyssop, although hardier than the other species, still needs pro-lection below-6°C (20°F).

The Mexican half-hardy species need protection below -3°C (26°F).

Harvest

Flowers

Cut for drying just as they begin to open.

Leaves

Cut leaves just before late spring flowering

Seeds

Heads turn brown as the seed ripens. At the first sign of the seed falling, pick and hang upside down with a paper bag tied over the heads.

Other uses

Anise Hyssop, Korean Mini and Agastache mexicana all have scented leaves which makes them suitable for potpourris.

Culinary

Anise Hyssop

Leaves can be used in salads and to make refreshing tea. Like borage, they can be added to summer fruit cups. Equally they can be chopped and used as a seasoning in pork dishes or in savory rice.

Flowers can be added to fruit salads and cups giving a lovely splash of color.

Korean Mint

Leaves have a strong peppermint flavor and make a very refreshing tea, said to be good first thing in the morning after a night on the town. They are also good chopped up in salads, and the flowers look very attractive scattered over a pasta salad.

Chamomile

Chamomile From the Family Compositae

Chamomile grows wild in Europe, North America, and many other countries. As a garden escapee, it can be found in pasture and other grassy places on sandy soils.

The generic name, Chamaemelum, is derived from the Greek Khamaimelon, meaning 'Earth Apple' or 'apple on the ground'.

Species

Chamaemelum nobile

Roman Chamomile

Also known as Garden Chamomile, Ground Apple, Low Chamomile and Whig Plant Hardy perennial evergreen. Ht 10cm (4in), spread 45cm (18in). White flowers with yellow centres all summer. Sweet smelling, finely divided foliage. Ideal for ground cover. Can be used as a lawn, but because it flowers it will need constant cutting.

Chamaemelum nobile 'Flore Pleno'

Double-flowered Chamomile

Hardy perennial evergreen. Ht 8cm (3in), spread 30cm (12in). Double white flowers all summer. Sweet-smelling, finely divided, thick foliage. Good for ground cover, in between paving stones and lawns. More compact habit than Roman Chamomile, and combines well with Chamomile Treneague.

Chamaemelum nobile 'Treneague' (Anthemis nobilis Treneague')

Chamomile Treneague

Also known as Lawn Chamomile Hardy perennial evergreen. Ht 6cm (2.5in), spread 15cm (6in). Non-flowering. Leaves are finely divided and very aromatic. Ideal for ground cover or mow-free lawn. Plant in well-drained soil, free from stones, 10-15cm (4-6in) apart.

Anthemis tinctoria

Dyers Chamomile

Also known as Yellow Chamomile Hardy perennial evergreen. Ht and spread lm (3ft). Yellow daisy flowers in the summer. Leaves are mid-green and fern like. Principally a dye plant.

Matricaria recutita

German Chamomile

Also known as Scented Mayweed, Wild Chamomile Hardy annual. Ht 60cm (24in), spread 10cm (4in). Scented white flowers with conical yellow centres from spring to early summer. Finely serrated aromatic foliage. The main use of this chamomile is medicinal.

Cultivation

Propagation

Seed

Dyers, Roman and German chamomiles can be grown from seed. Sow onto the surface of a prepared seed or plug tray. Use a bark, grit, peat compost. Cover with Perlite. Use bottom heat 19°C (65°F). Harden off and plant out or pot on.

Cuttings

Double-flowered chamomile and Chamomile Treneague can only be propagated this way. Take cuttings in the spring and autumn from the offsets or clusters of young shoots. They are easy to grow as they have aerial roots.

Division

All perennial chamomiles planted as specimen plants will benefit from being lifted in the spring of their second or third year and divided.

Pests and Diseases

As all the chamomiles are j highly aromatic they are not troubled by pests or disease.

Maintenance

Spring: Collect offshoots, sow seeds. Fill in holes that have appeared in the chamomile lawn. Divide established plants. Give a liquid fertilizer feed to all -established plants.

Summer: Water well. Do not allow to dry out. In the first season of a lawn, trim the plants to encourage bushing out and spreading. In late summer collect flowers from the Dyers chamomile and cut the plant back to 6cm (2in) to promote new growth.

Autumn: Take cuttings. Divide if they have become too invasive. Cut back to promote new growth. Give the final Iced of the season.

Winter: Only protect in extreme weather.

Garden Cultivation

All the chamomiles prefer a well-drained soil and a sunny situation, although they will adapt to most conditions.

As a lawn plant, chamomile gets more credit than it deserves. Chamomile lawns are infinitely less easy to maintain in good condition than grass lawns. There is no selective herbicide that will preserve chamomile and kill the rest of the weeds. It is a hands-and-knees job.

Prepare the site well, make sure the soil is light, slightly acid, and free from weeds and stones. Plant young plants in plug form. I use a mix of double-flowered and Treneague chamomile at a distance of 10-15cm (4-6in) apart. Keep all traffic off it for at least 12 weeks, and keep it to the minimum during the first year.

If all this seems daunting, compromise and plant a chamomile seat. Prepare the soil in the same way and do not sit on the seat for at least 12 weeks. Then sit down, smell the sweet aroma and sip a cool glass of wine. Summer is on hand . . .

Harvest

Leaves

Gather in spring and early summer for best results. Use fresh or dry.

Flowers

Pick when fully open, around mid-summer. Use fresh or dry. Dyers chamomile flowers should be harvested in summer for their yellow dye.

Companion planting

Chamomile has the unique name Physician's Plant because, when planted near ailing plants, it helps to revive them. Roman Chamomile can be planted next to onions to repel flying insects and improve the crop yield.

Chamomile Infusion

Bring 600ml (1 pint) water to the boil. Add a handful of chamomile leaves and flowers. Cover and let it stand for about half a day Strain.

Spray it onto seedlings to prevent 'damping off. If there is any liquid left pour it onto your compost heap. This acts like an activator for decomposition.

Container growing

I would not advise growing chamomiles indoors, as they get very leggy, soft and prone to disease. But the flowers can look very cheerful in a sunny window box. Use Chamomile 'Flore Pleno', which has a lovely double flower head or the non-flowering C. Treneague as an infill between bulbs, with a bark, grit, peat compost.

Cosmetic

Chamomile is used as a final rinse for fair hair to make it brighter. It should be poured over your hair several times. Pour 1 liter (l34 pints) boiling water over one handful of chamomile flowers and steep for 30 minutes. Strain, rover and allow to cool.

Medicinal

German chamomile's highly scented dry flower heads contain up to 1 per cent of an aromatic oil that possesses powerful antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties. Taken as a tea, it promotes gastric secretions and improves the appetite, while an infusion of the same strength can be used as an internal antiseptic. It may also be used as a douche or gargle for mouth ulcers and as an eye wash.

Oil for skin rashes or allergies can be made by tightly packing flower heads into a preserving jar, covering with olive oil and leaving in the sun for three weeks. If you suffer from overwrought nerves, add five or six drops of chamomile oil to the bath and this will help you relax at night.

Chamomile tea

1 heaped teaspoon chamomile flowers (dried or fresh)

1 teaspoon honey slice of lemon (optional)

Put the chamomile flowers into a warm cup. Pour on boiling water. Cover and leave to infuse for 3-5 minutes. Strain and add the honey and lemon, if required. Can be drunk either hot or cold.

Other uses

Dyers Chamomile can be used as a dye plant. Depending on the mordant, its color can vary from bright to olive/brown yellow.

German and Double-flowered Chamomile are best for herb pillows and pot pourri.

Herbs and Supplement

The herbs are traditionally used in various countries either in cooking, in some diseases and others. The herbs are commonly called the plants that are valued for their qualities like medicinal properties, flavor, and scent.

The herbs are quite useful as some people use it for medicinal purposes while some are used for culinary purposes. In various parts of the world, there are various types of herbs that grow. Today, most of the people are in favor of using herbs, and herbal treatments and in some cases the herbs are used for spiritually too.

The best think about the herbs is that it has no side effects and so people mostly prefer it. In case of medicinal herbs the shrub or woody plants are used while the culinary herb is the non woody plants. Mostly the roots, flowers, seeds, root back, inner back, berries, and sometimes the pericarp and leafy parts are also used. There are so many sites that offer information various herbs that are used for medicinal spiritual or culinary purposes. The bets thing is ask any expert before using the herbs as it is better to be careful. Some herbs are used in making some fermented beverages too.

There are so many books that are written about various herbs and their uses. The proper knowledge is very important whenever you plan to try any herb. The aroma of the herbs and the flavors are used for so many purposes. Doe che

One can also find the list of the various popular herbs on the web and even about their qualities. he use of herbs is considered as one of the bets alternative treatment. In asian culture the use of herbs is quite common in culinary and cooking. Whenever you plan to buy any herb, make sure that you are getting what you actually want.

The herbal products are also in high demand these days, take for example of herbal shampoos and herbal beauty creams and now even the herbal toothpastes. Most people prefer these herbal products as they want to avoid the use of harsh chemicals which can have harmful effects. Due to increase in the demand of the herbal products more and more companies are offering their range of herbal products especially in the category of beauty. You will find so many herbal beauty soaps, herbal hair and skin products and much more. Some of these products are homemade too, and some people use their own methods to utilize the herbs.

Take for example the aloe vera which is a leafy plant, the gel inside its leaf is used in making various products. Some people apply it on burns to get rid of the burnt scars if applied properly and regularly. Similarly, some people grow some herbs in their own garden and use then in cooking too.

There are some sites that offer information on how to use the herbs in various forms. Always make sure that whenever you plan to buy the herbal products make sure that you are getting really the best quality. There are some companies that offer good quality herbal products while some also offer bad quality herbal products to. The best nail polish brands out there are OPI nail polish as well as Creative Nail.These brands are perfect for women who want creative nail designs for their elegant fingers because these are quality polishes.

Here some Popular Herbs:

• Chamomile
• Anise Hyssop
• Lady Mantle
• Onions
• Garlic
• Chives
• Bugle
• Aloe Vera
• Lemon Verbena
• Marsh Mallow
• Dill
• Angelica
• Chervil
• Horseradish
• Arnica
• Southernwood
• Wormwood
• Tarragon
• Orach
• Black Horehound
• Borage
• Calamint
• Incense Plant
• Marigold
• Caraway
• Balm of Gilead
• Good King Henry
• Chicory
• Lily of the Valley
• Coriander
• Pinks
• Foxglove
• Horsetail
• Vipers Bugloss
• Salad Rocket
• Meadowsweet
• Fennel
• Wild Strawberry
• Sweet Woodruff
• Liquorice
• Curry Plant
• Sweet Rocket
• Hops
• Henbane
• St Johns Wort
• Hyssop
• Elecampane
• Iris
• Juniper
• Bay
• Lavender
• Lovage
• Honeysuckle
• Mallow
• White Horehound
• Lemon Balm
• Mint
• Pennyroyal
• Bergamot
• Sweet Cicely
• Myrtle
• Catmint
• Basil
• Evening Primrose
• Oregano and Marjoram
• Poppy
• Scented Geraniums
• Parsley
• Jerusalem Sage
• Poke Root
• Solomons Seal
• Jacobs Ladder
• Cowslip
• Primrose
• Prostanthera
• Self Heal
• Lungwort
• Rosemary
• Sorrel
• Rue
• Sage
• Elder
• Salad Burnet
• Cotton Lavender
• Soapwort
• Skullcap
• Savory
• Houseleek
• Goldenrod
• Betony
• Comfrey
• Alecost
• Pyrethrum
• Tansy
• Feverfew
• Dandelion
• Wall Germander
• Wood Sage
• Thyme
• Nasturtium
• Nettle
• Valerian
• Red Valerian
• Vervain
• Heartsease
• Violet
• Tropical herbs
• Propagation
• Planning your Herb Garden
• Herb Gardens
• First herb garden
• Herb bath garden
• Aromatherapy herb garden
• White herb garden
• Salad herb garden
• Medicinal herb garden
• Cooks herb garden
• Natural dye garden
• Potpourri garden
• Roman herb garden
• Herbs in Containers
• Harvesting
• Herb Oils Vinegars and Preserves
• Herbal Medicine
• Healing with Herbs
• Value of Using Whole Plants
• Aromatherapy Soothing Scents
• Bach Flower Remedies

Carb Refeeding and Weight Loss

Part of the allure of the Primal eating plan is that it’s effortless. There’s no calorie counting, no stressing over macronutrient intakes – eating PB simply means choosing to eat real, whole foods that man has been eating for tens of thousands of years. You can go higher carb or lower carb (I initially recommend low carb, just because it makes losing weight and stabilizing your metabolism incredibly easy, especially for folks coming off the SAD), and as long as you’re eating real foods you’ll be getting healthier and losing body fat.

This isn’t enough for everyone, though. To go back to yesterday’s “hormones as software” analogy, some people are hackers who relish digging deep into the fine print of software manuals discussing human nutrition and hormonal responses. Others – the bulk of my readership – are cool with using their standard-issue, factory Mac or PC to reap the basic benefits of Primal living, while others prefer learning Unix and taking night classes in comp sci down at the local community college after work. They’re the ones who spend the time to fiddle with the programming language of our bodies in order to become real hormonal hackers. I get that. I love that stuff, too, if only to able to take the information and distill it for a large audience. Though one can see tremendous results with minimal effort following the simple principles of the Primal Blueprint (i.e. how I approach my own eating habits and how I recommend others do as well) digging deeper into the science of leptin and how carb refeeds impact leptin levels can unlock an entirely new level of fat loss (and understanding of why that fat loss is occurring).

All this leptin and carb reefeeding stuff was prompted by reader questions; I get a fair amount of questions about carb refeeds, and, because the PB is a moderate to low-carb plan, people (understandably so) tend to assume that carbohydrate refeeding contradicts its basic tenets. They make an incorrect assumption.

As mentioned earlier, the Primal Blueprint is the simplest, most enjoyable, most sustainable way to normalize your weight, a description borne out by my own experiences and the experiences of my readers. If you don’t want to fret over every last macronutrient as you lose weight steadily, a low carb, high fat, moderate protein Primal eating plan will do the trick. That said, I am not overly concerned with getting folks to 6% body fat, nor am I interested in producing champion body builders. I have nothing against getting as lean as possible; it’s just not my focus. Turning the Primal Blueprint into a super-leaning out program would mean changing its inherent nature as an effortless system without weighing and measuring. You see, I’m concerned with helping people reach their natural genetic potential through sustainable lifestyle behaviors. And for most people, their natural genetic potential is pretty damn good – lean, strong, fit, healthy. Very few people can achieve that ultra-ripped, Men’s Health cover model look without significant, painstaking adherence to a strictly regimented program.

Carb loading or carb refeeds can be used, quite effectively, by those interested in dropping the last couple body fat percentage points. I wouldn’t recommend it for overweight individuals. For them, sticking with a low carb, Primal eating plan is the easiest, safest way to drop the pounds. And you can do it with Primal foods.

The purpose, as I see it, of carb refeeds is the restoration of leptin levels in the dieter. As we know, caloric restriction reduces leptin levels. With lower leptin comes increased hunger and reduced adherence to a diet. Cravings arise. Energy wanes, immunity suffers. The lack of leptin elicits the cascade of hormones that down regulate metabolism and energy expenditure. Your muscles use less energy and become more efficient – but weaker and less effective. Menstruation and fertility become issues. Dropping calories even more just makes the problem worse. You need to restore leptin, at least for a bit, to right the path. A carb refeed can help you achieve this.

Who needs to reefed? No one “needs” a carb reefed, especially if he or she is feeling good, looking good, and continuing to lose weight with plenty of energy. I never consciously stuff myself with carbs, and I’m doing okay. Remember, too, that a low-carb eating plan doesn’t equal a low calorie eating plan. If your weight loss has stalled, however, and hunger is a constant issue, no matter the depths of your caloric restriction, it may be wise to consider a periodic carbohydrate refeed. If you lack energy throughout the day and your immune system is suffering, you might need to restore your leptin levels with a carb refeed.

Here’s the quick and dirty Primal way to do it:

On your heaviest training days (heavy lifting, sprinting, anything that results in glycogen depletion), increase your carbohydrates and limit your fat intake. Yes, limit your fat intake to around 50g (eyeball it – don’t demolish that stick of butter today). Don’t cut it out altogether, mind you, but emphasize carbs over fat. Fat doesn’t have much of a short-term effect on leptin, and, since we want to increase leptin in the short-term without gorging on overall calories, limiting fat and emphasizing carbohydrate is the way to go. Don’t do much to your protein intake. Just keep it relatively normal. Limit your refeeds to once, maybe twice a week, and always after really big workouts, but really go for it. Eat a lot of yams, sweet potatoes, fruit, plantains, squash – any Primal source of starchy carb will do the trick (grains and legumes are still problematic, so keep away). Eat more total calories than you’d normally eat and way more carbohydrate calories than you’d normally eat – at least 250 g-300 g worth. Finish your refeed day with a decent chunk of lean protein (chicken breast, cottage cheese).

You’ll probably get that bloated, water-weight feeling the following day, especially if your diet is relatively low-carb, but that will go away after a day or so. Leptin will rise (independent of fat storage), glycogen will replenish, and your appetite will normalize. Since you’re already fairly lean with low circulating leptin (and, remember: you should be relatively lean before employing refeeds), your leptin senstivity will be high. The leptin bounce won’t be enough to dull your leptin receptors; that generally only happens with the obese, who have chronically elevated leptin.

There are other methods. Some experts recommend two or three day-long carb binges. Others say a week long refeed works best. I don’t know about you, but that seems like too much work. I honestly can’t see myself giving up pastured butter and ribeyes for a week straight. Starch without fat gets real old, real fast.

I may not find refeeds necessary for my goals, but I recognize that they can help people reach their goals. Everyone’s different. I can’t guarantee my way will work – you may have to get super strict and follow Martin Berkhan’s or Lyle McDonald’s methods to reach your desired level of leanness. Still, the Primal refeed is worth experimenting with, especially if you’ve reached a plateau lasting a month or more. I’m a big fan of steady, gradual weight loss, and the leaner you get the slower it gets, but it’s not for everyone. The above recommendations simply represent a way you can adhere to the Primal eating plan and still tinker with carb refeeds without overly disrupting your usual diet.

Nutrition For Body Building

Those who are health conscious and thinking about their body building or muscle toning, need to have balanced nutrition. In such a case, certain food types are recommended, yet it is found that the body lacks certain nutrients. In such a case, it becomes necessary that the individuals are given some body supplements. There are many different types of supplements available – choose the one which your body needs.

Those who are on body building routines and follow strict routines are usually prescribed a diet, which they are required to follow time and again. Still, it has been found that the body lacks energy and there is problem in general health and well being. This is an indication that the body is not getting the required nutrition. In such a case, it becomes necessary to have dietary supplements which help to fulfill the deficiency of the body. There are various kinds of nutritional and body supplements available, which you can use as per your requirements. Just ask your trainer about the different types of body supplements which are needed by your body.

Body supplements are all those nutrients which are essential for those who are on strict diet and have rigorous work out sessions. Muscle building supplement requires some special nutrients for the body which helps to build and tone the muscles. If essential nutrients are not available, the body will not be able to cope with rigorous training schedules. There are different types of nutritional supplements available for people who are on strict workout schedules and need elaborate body building.

Muscle building supplement – This is a special supplement which helps to strengthen and build muscles. You can carry out your regular exercise schedule, but along with good food and nutrition, you can have muscle building supplement. This supplement is made up of all necessary minerals and vitamins which are required by the body for healthy growth and development.

Supplement for building muscles are available in local drugstores and supermarkets, but it is always advisable to buy these supplements from some renowned brands. This ensures that the supplements are of good quality and have all the nutrition which your body needs. In fact all such bodybuilding and nutrition supplements which are available are the research work of several years which are made available for different users. A lot of survey and research is carried out to find which kind of bodybuilding nutrition is most required by our body and hence after considering different factors such muscle building supplements are developed.

Weight training supplements are specially designed for those people who are on a strict weight training routine. These supplements make the body cope with regular training and exercises, helping the body to stay fit and healthy. Nutrition for body building needs to taken regular at the time mentioned on the labels. This shall ensure that you have enough of all supplements which your body might crave. You can have some of these supplements before your weight training schedule and some after your weight training, as per the directions mentioned in the label of the supplement.

Herbs for Breast

Although there are only a few studies that have been done, there is some scientific evidence supporting taking herbs for breast growth. Most people shy away from surgery, whether from the thought of the scalpel and the painful recovery or from the cost. There is also a growing trend for things that are natural and organic.

There is a natural remedy for almost everything, so why not breast enhancement?

Specific herbs for breast enhancement can be found easily online and in health food stores. Some are very common and can be found in a regular grocery store or pharmacy. The only thing you really need to decide is the method you want to try.

Adding certain herbs to your diet is easy if you can find the right ingredients. There is some evidence that adding soy, gingko Biloba leaves, and carrot root to your diet can stimulate your breasts to grow. These can also be taken in a pill form as a dietary supplement that you take daily. Some kinds of multi-vitamins may also contain these and other vitamins that can be beneficial to your whole body.

They also make creams, with these same herbs, for breast enhancement. These creams are gentle on the skin, give a more direct path for the herbs to get to the targeted area, and luxurious to use. The biggest advantage to the creams is that the vitamins and herbs don't have to travel through the whole digestive system to get to your boobs. There are also very few risks involved. About the worst side effect you would really have to worry about is a skin allergy to one of the ingredients.

So it's actually quite easy! All you need to do is choose a pill, a cream, or add a few things into your diet. Figure out which one fits in the best with your lifestyle. These are all alternatives to surgery that are all-natural and organic. Surgery will give you instant results, but often at a price that isn't worth it, both monetarily and in terms of your own health and well-being. Although using herbs for breast growth isn't an exact science, one or a combination of these will likely give you results.

Fight Breast Cancer

You can make specific food choices to reduce your breast cancer risk according to new medical research. In other words, you can choose to proactively fight breast cancer now instead of waiting around to become another breast cancer victim. Unfortunately, most women receive their cancer prevention education from their oncologists (cancer doctor) after a cancer diagnosis.

Many of the foods on my list are powerful antioxidants that protect your body from free radical damage. Free radicals, unless neutralized, cause mutations in your DNA leading to breast cancer. In general, it is best to consume antioxidants through food, but in some cases, it might be more effective to use supplements because you can get a higher dose.

Here are my Top 10 Foods to Reduce Risk of Breast Cancer:

1. Carrots. Carrots have been shown to be rich in natural substances like falcarinol and beta-carotene that may reduce breast cancer risk. Falcarinol is inactivated by heat or cooking, so consuming raw carrots is important. Beta-carotene is a naturally occurring antioxidant that gives carrots their orange hue and is a precursor for vitamin A.

2. Green Tea. Green tea is rich in potent polyphenol antioxidants like EGCG that can help protect us from oxidative stress and inflammation. The recommended amount to consume is 2 to 4 cups per day, or you can take a green tea supplement.

3. Apples. Research studies report that apple extracts can support normal breast health in multiple ways. Interestingly, consuming higher amounts of apple extract provided greater support. In order to get enough apple nutrients for the full benefits, I recommend taking an apple extract supplement daily, plus eating 1 whole apple at least a few times weekly.

4. Fiber. Scientists believe fiber may support normal breast health in several important ways. Getting enough is very important, so aim for 30 or more grams of soluble fiber every day. You have to plan ahead to eat this amount. I blend a fiber powder into my daily protein shake. Raspberries, pears and apples are three of the best fiber-rich fruits, while oatmeal, corn, beans, nuts, and popcorn are tasty ways to get more.

5. Omega-3 Oils. Omega-3 fatty acids are found in oil-rich fish like salmon, albacore tuna, mackerel, lake trout, herring, and sardines. Researchers have proposed several mechanisms for the breast supportive effects of omega-3 fatty acids including support for normal immune system function and reduced inflammation.

6. Flaxseed. Flaxseeds can support normal breast health, not only because they contain fiber and omega-3 fatty acids, but also because they contain special substances called lignans. A key study reported that a high blood level of lignans might help support normal breast health.

7. Walnuts. Nutritional analysis of walnuts reveals that they contain omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, and phytosterols, all of which have been reported to support normal breast health.

8. Pomegranates. Pomegranate is a fruit with juicy ruby-red seeds. It contains many beneficial antioxidants in the same chemical class as green tea antioxidants. Scientists believe that the numerous substances in pomegranate “team up” to support normal breast health.

9. Broccoli. Broccoli is a member of the family of cruciferous vegetables, which have long been studied for the potential health and nutritional benefits. Laboratory studies suggest that two of the naturally occurring compounds in broccoli, sulforaphane and indole-3-carbinol, might help support normal breast health.

10. Low-Glycemic Foods. A diet rich in foods with a high glycemic index have been reported to have negative effects on human health. Reducing sugary, high glycemic index foods from your diet is an easy way to support normal breast health. The best low glycemic or medium glycemic foods you can eat include lean protein, high-fiber cereals, fruits and vegetables, nuts, brown rice, pasta, and whole grain bread.

Research continues to show that we can make diet and lifestyle choices to reduce risk of breast cancer. While the foods above are my favorite foods, they are not the only foods that might help. Other potentially good choices include vitamin D3-rich foods (salmon, shrimp, cod, and fortified dairy products), grapes (resveratrol), tomatoes (lycopene), spinach (lutein), garlic (allium compounds), berries (anthocyanins), and turmeric (curcumin).

Full Potential Breast

A great deal of women feel unhappy with how their breasts appear and choose to change the appearance of their breasts. A great was to do this is by using Full Potential Breast a product that's helping women who feel insecure with their breasts feel great about them.

Full Potential Breast will work in harmony with your body's natural chemistry to give you a natural breast growth the formula in the product works similarly to the hormones that are in your body for the duration of puberty, helping you to naturally develop your breasts by lifting your bust line. Using this product will cause no harm to your body and has no proven side effects. It is a great alternative to risky surgery where anything could go wrong. With this product you can feel safe using it as there are no risks associated with it.

Full Potential Breast has a formula which is designed to be a tasteless supplement that is effortlessly incorporated into your daily routine. It is recommended you Use the formula twice a day once in the morning and once at night as directed. The product works with your body to collectively and individually to more youthful breasts and firmer breasts. This makes women who use the product feel more confident and have a better self esteem when it comes to their bodies. A whole choice of clothing options open up when using this product as you will feel more confident to choose bust enhancing clothes.

There are many natural benefits of using Full Potential Breast as it helps improve your skin tone giving you a more natural complexion. The product helps make your hair and nails look healthier and more appealing. Once using this product you will start to look and feel more alive and more radiant feeling great benefits. You will start to see results with this product after the first month of use. This can be a firmer feel to your bust or your bra feeling tighter. It is recommended that you use the product for six months as a minimum and if you want to achieve the best results you should use the product for nine months. Most women see an increase in bra size of one or two cups. The product is more effective on women with flat chests than women with bigger chests.. The product can only be bought online on certain websites.